{"id":12014,"date":"2021-08-24T08:11:18","date_gmt":"2021-08-24T08:11:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/duct.harsle.com\/?p=12014"},"modified":"2024-03-04T08:16:55","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T08:16:55","slug":"how-to-make-the-ventilation-duct","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/duct.harsle.com\/vi\/how-to-make-the-ventilation-duct\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng kim lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c composite \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/a> v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 tr\u00f2n. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 vu\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ea5m m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, do chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ea5p n\u00ean ph\u1ea1m vi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u00f4n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00fat kh\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9, do \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n k\u00e9o c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 cao h\u01a1n n\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 gia c\u00f4ng t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 n\u00ean \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y h\u00fat kh\u00f3i nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu. C\u00e1c \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gia c\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 t\u00ednh th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kh\u00f4ng cao. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y \u0111\u00fac m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m, \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb9p. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh quy tr\u00ecnh \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u1ed0ng
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. T\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eb3ng, nh\u1eb5n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft x\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm bong tr\u00f3c, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd, h\u00e3y lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u1ebft d\u1ea7u tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1m, hai l\u1ea7n lau v\u00e0 ba l\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o v\u1ebft d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gia c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho t\u00f4n b\u1ecb tr\u1ea7y x\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00f2n, l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp k\u1ebdm ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u00e1m b\u1ee5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m cao su d\u00e0y 3mm tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n xi m\u0103ng ph\u1eb3ng, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea5m cao su. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Khi c\u1eaft, c\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi, n\u1ed1i, g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u t\u1ea5m, ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c xe \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 k\u00e9o l\u00ea; C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng tr\u00ean s\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m cao su. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1eb7t b\u00edch: c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t, l\u1ed9t da ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed7; \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n m\u1eb7t b\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 0,5mm, \u0111inh t\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111inh t\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 100mm (kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ed7 v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 12mm), kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ed7 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed5i cho nhau; X\u1ec9 h\u00e0n, b\u1eafn t\u00f3e h\u00e0n v\u00e0 r\u1ec9 s\u00e9t n\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n; B\u00f4i l\u1edbp s\u01a1n l\u00f3t ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1m d\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh trong hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 s\u01a1n nh\u1ecf gi\u1ecdt v\u00e0o c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 v\u00edt v\u00e0 g\u00f3c. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng b\u00ean trong, linh ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Sau khi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u00e1n \u0111inh, c\u00e1c khe h\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eb7n b\u1eb1ng keo ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfc. Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng b\u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 7mm v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 v\u00edt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c che ph\u1ee7; \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u1eb3ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1mm. C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef theo chi\u1ec1u ngang theo danh m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00f2n; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7t thanh gia c\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u01b0\u1eddng ngo\u00e0i. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. \u1ed0ng gi\u00f3, linh ki\u1ec7n, ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t theo d\u1ea1ng kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn \u0111\u01a1n, kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn g\u00f3c, kh\u1edbp c\u1eafn kh\u1edbp, v.v. \u1ed0ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Khi l\u00e0m \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eaft theo t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi 800mm c\u1ee7a chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1ea1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi 800mm-1000mm v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi 2400mm. C\u1ea5m gh\u00e9p ngang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u1ea1nh d\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh ng\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 4:1; M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i m\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01a1n. Ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i m\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh trong c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh gh\u00e9p m\u00f4ng g\u00f3c; \u1ed0ng ng\u1eafn m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m cao su m\u1ec1m ho\u1eb7c da nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Th\u00e0nh trong ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb5n, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i d\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1n tr\u01a1n tru v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c khe h\u1edf r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 keo. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. V\u1ec7 sinh \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3: vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec7 sinh \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng. Nh\u00ecn chung, t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec7 sinh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ee5i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh sau \u0111\u00f3. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edch t\u1ee5 b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 bay, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ee5i trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t, \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao. V\u1ec7 sinh ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1. Ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda trung t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trichloroethylene ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1. Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u1ec7 sinh: v\u1ec7 sinh b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft, r\u1eeda b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda trung t\u00ednh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trichloroethylene ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p pha lo\u00e3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u1edbc tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eb7t s\u1ea1ch v\u1ea3i, ch\u00e0 v\u1ea3i l\u1ee5a tr\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u). \u1ed0ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecbt k\u00edn b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Sau khi \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Sau khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m thu b\u00e0n giao, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u00eam phong b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0ng nh\u1ef1a d\u1ebbo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. Ph\u1ea7n ni\u00eam phong ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng d\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"L\u00e0m
    <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn x\u1eed l\u00fd \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    Theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, c\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng gia c\u00f4ng \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, t\u1ea5m m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft g\u1ec9, l\u1edbp m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm sau khi g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb bong tr\u00f3c; Ph\u1ea7n c\u1eaft d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 gia c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ee9t, m\u1eb7t b\u00edch t\u00e1n \u0111inh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebfu \u0111inh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111inh t\u00e1n b\u1ecb r\u01a1i ra; M\u1eb7t b\u00edch th\u00e9p g\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 trong su\u1ed1t \u1edf mi\u1ec7ng c\u1eeda tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed l\u1eafp tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng ch\u1eef T, ch\u1eef th\u1eadp, khu\u1ef7u tay v\u00e0 \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n. Mi\u1ec7ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng, th\u00e9p g\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee5p ho\u1eb7c u\u1ed1n cong, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t b\u00edch m\u1eb7t b\u00edch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 l\u1edbp k\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i van ph\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t. \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia c\u00f4ng \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nghi\u1ec7m thu x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u1ed0ng gi\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u1ebd b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd gia c\u00f4ng \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3, ch\u1ecdn t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn), ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1eaft ph\u00f4i, c\u1eaft, c\u1eaft r\u00e3nh, g\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, t\u00e1n b\u00edch, t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh b\u00edch v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2. Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t b\u00edch: \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    N\u1eafn th\u1eb3ng, c\u1eaft ph\u00f4i, khoan \u0111inh t\u00e1n, h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh, khoan bu l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u01a1n th\u00e9p g\u00f3c v\u00e0 s\u1eaft g\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    3. B\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 \u1ed0ng gi\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i B\uff08mm\uff09<\/td>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u00e0y B\uff08mm\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
    B\u2264630mm<\/td>0,6mm<\/td><\/tr>
    630mm\uff1cB\u22641000mm<\/td>08mm<\/td><\/tr>
    1000mm\uff1cB\u22642000mm<\/td>1,0mm<\/td><\/tr>
    2000 mm\uff1cB<\/td>1,2 mm<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    4. Quy c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t b\u00edch \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bu l\u00f4ng (mm)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn B<\/td>Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e9p g\u00f3c<\/td>Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt bu l\u00f4ng<\/td><\/tr>
    B\u2264630<\/td>25*3<\/td>M6<\/td><\/tr>
    630\uff1cB\u22641500<\/td>30*3<\/td>M8<\/td><\/tr>
    1500\uff1cB\u22642500<\/td>40*4<\/td>M8<\/td><\/tr>
    2500\uff1cB\u22644000<\/td>50*5<\/td>M10<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    5. C\u1ea1nh d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 630 mm ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 800 mm, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1250 mm ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ph\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n 1,2 m. C\u00e1c thanh gia c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ecdc theo t\u00e2m \u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gia c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    6. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 thi c\u00f4ng. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m thi c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f4ng ty ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00fat sau trong Thi c\u00f4ng: A. m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i b\u1ecb kho\u00e9t; B. Khe h\u1edf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i giao di\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3; C. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng (l\u1ed7 g\u00f3c ch\u1ebft) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1n \u0111inh t\u00e1n m\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00e0 b\u00edch; D. \u0110inh t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t b\u00edch v\u00e0 thanh gia c\u1ed1; E. Va ch\u1ea1m b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7ng l\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3. M\u1ee5c e c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. M\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0n h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. B\u1ed1n m\u1ee5c thi c\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi c\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam d\u1ea3i cao su 1 * 10 ho\u1eb7c keo tr\u00e1m KS t\u1ea1i m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V\u1ebd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 theo b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gia c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn theo ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thi c\u00f4ng, l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7n c\u1eed c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu quy tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"L\u00e0m
    <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gia c\u00f4ng \u1ed1ng gi\u00f3 kim lo\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • C\u1eaft t\u1ea5m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1eaft, ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed do ph\u00f4i. Sau khi c\u1eaft, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eaft c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecbn. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ea7m tay ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y c\u1eaft t\u1ea5m theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        \u1ed0ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1eafn, m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i \u0111inh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1eaft x\u00e9n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1eafn l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00f4n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi 1,2mm, t\u00f4n nh\u00f4m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi 1,5mm; t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p kh\u00f4ng g\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi 0,8mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Ki\u1ec3u c\u1eafn: theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u1eafn \u0111\u01a1n, c\u1eafn \u0111\u00f4i, c\u1eafn nhanh, c\u1eafn g\u00f3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1eafn g\u00f3c; Theo h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u1eafn d\u1ecdc; Theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh c\u1eafn d\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1eafn ngang<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u1eafn: chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y t\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y c\u1eafn. N\u00f3i chung, ph\u1ee5 c\u1ea5p c\u1eafn cho c\u1eafn ph\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01a1n, c\u1eafn d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1eafn g\u00f3c \u0111\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng ba l\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1eafn. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1eafn g\u00f3c kh\u1edbp d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng c\u1eafn v\u00e0 c\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1ebft c\u1eafn. X\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1eaft x\u00e9n: quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1eaft x\u00e9n t\u1ea5m, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 g\u1ea5p v\u00e0 n\u00e9n c\u1eafn. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00edt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i c\u1eaft x\u00e9n, v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng vi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Ph\u1eb3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1eaft x\u00e9n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0 \u00e9p theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 c\u1eaft x\u00e9n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u0103ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1eaft x\u00e9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc. C\u1eaft x\u00e9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u1eaft x\u00e9n l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, c\u1eaft x\u00e9n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i h\u1edf, t\u1ed1n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ty ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng gia c\u00f4ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc, gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111inh t\u00e1n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            T\u00e1n \u0111inh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1eaft. T\u00e1n \u0111inh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t b\u00edch. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e1n \u0111inh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111inh t\u00e1n, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111inh t\u00e1n v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111inh t\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u0111inh t\u00e1n d = 2 S (s l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 3 mm; Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i \u0111inh t\u00e1n L = 2 S + 1,5 D. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111inh t\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 40-100 mm. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn cao, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb t\u00e2m l\u1ed7 \u0111inh t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e9p t\u1ea5m B = (3-4) d. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1n \u0111inh, t\u00e2m \u0111inh t\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i vu\u00f4ng g\u00f3c v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea5m, n\u1eafp \u0111inh t\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i n\u00e9n t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i t\u1ea5m kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111inh t\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng. T\u00e1n \u0111inh t\u1ea5m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1n \u0111inh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1n \u0111inh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • H\u00e0n<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m, ngo\u00e0i k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1eafn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111inh t\u00e1n, h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecbt k\u00edn \u1ed1ng cao ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m d\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1eafn. Khi ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, h\u00e0n oxy-axetilen, h\u00e0n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed cacbon dioxit, h\u00e0n h\u1ed3 quang argon, h\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m. H\u00e0n thi\u1ebfc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0n khe c\u1eafn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ecfng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p m\u1ea1 k\u1ebdm. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i h\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i ph\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebft n\u1ee9t, ch\u00e1y th\u1ee7ng, n\u1ed1t s\u1ea7n, v.v. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u00e0n g\u00f3c, h\u00e0n ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0n g\u00f3c ch\u1ed3ng theo \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e0y, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ecbt k\u00edn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n l\u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                T\u1ea5m th\u00e9p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng tay ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                L\u00e0m tr\u00f2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m \u0111i qua ph\u1ea7n c\u1eaft v\u00e0 g\u1ea5p, c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5m g\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n c\u1eaft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc vu\u00f4ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u0103n b\u1eb1ng tay v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc vu\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i c\u1eafn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3a ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhau v\u00e0 si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed1i c\u1eafn. M\u1ed1i n\u1ed1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n, l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1edbc vu\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi cung c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. L\u00e0m tr\u00f2n c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: n\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u1ea1nh t\u1ea5m g\u1ea7n m\u1ed1i c\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u1ed1ng th\u00e9p, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5m s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con l\u0103n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y l\u00e0m tr\u00f2n. Con l\u0103n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5m quay v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • G\u1ea5p t\u1ea5m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  Vi\u1ec7c g\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  G\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng: tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi g\u1ea5p, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong u\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cong u\u1ed1n v\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh th\u00e9p k\u00eanh. N\u00f3i chung, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn kh\u00ed d\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5m v\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u1ea5m tr\u00ean b\u00e0n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tay m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n; \u1ea4n t\u1ea5m xu\u1ed1ng g\u00f3c vu\u00f4ng 90\u00ba b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t tay, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eaft b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed7 vu\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1c c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 g\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho t\u1ea5m ph\u1eb3ng. G\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: g\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y g\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y g\u1ea5p kh\u00ed n\u00e9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \"L\u00e0m
                  <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

                  Ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng gi\u00f3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n